The Effect of Occupational Hazards on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Gombe State
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Background of the Study
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health issues worldwide, affecting workers across various industries, including construction, agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024). MSDs include conditions such as back pain, repetitive strain injuries, and joint disorders, which significantly impact workers’ productivity and overall well-being (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024). The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified occupational hazards, including poor ergonomics, heavy lifting, repetitive tasks, and prolonged standing or sitting, as major risk factors for MSDs (Usman & Bello, 2024).
Gombe State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has a workforce that is heavily engaged in labor-intensive sectors such as farming, construction, and transportation, where occupational hazards are prevalent (Olaniyan et al., 2023). However, there is limited research on the prevalence of MSDs among workers in the state and the impact of occupational hazards on their musculoskeletal health. Without proper intervention strategies, MSDs can lead to chronic pain, disability, and economic losses due to reduced work capacity and medical costs (Chukwuma et al., 2023).
Despite national occupational health regulations, workplace safety measures in Gombe State remain inadequate, leaving workers vulnerable to MSDs. This study seeks to evaluate the effect of occupational hazards on musculoskeletal disorders in Gombe State, providing data that can inform workplace safety policies and interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Musculoskeletal disorders significantly reduce work productivity and quality of life, yet they remain an overlooked occupational health concern in Gombe State (Adebayo & Tijani, 2024). Many workers continue to suffer from MSDs due to exposure to workplace hazards such as poor posture, heavy lifting, and repetitive motion (Okonkwo & Adeyemi, 2024).
The lack of region-specific data on occupational hazards and MSDs makes it difficult to implement effective prevention and management strategies. Furthermore, many workers in Gombe State have limited access to healthcare and physiotherapy services, exacerbating their condition (Usman & Bello, 2024). This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing the relationship between occupational hazards and MSDs, providing insights for policy formulation and occupational health improvements.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in Gombe State.
2. To analyze the relationship between occupational hazards and the development of musculoskeletal disorders.
3. To evaluate existing workplace safety measures in reducing the risk of MSDs in Gombe State.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in Gombe State?
2. How do occupational hazards contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders?
3. How effective are workplace safety measures in reducing the incidence of MSDs in Gombe State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Occupational hazards significantly increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in Gombe State.
2. There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers exposed to workplace hazards.
3. Workplace safety measures significantly reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on workers across various labor-intensive industries in Gombe State. Limitations may include self-reported biases, difficulties in obtaining comprehensive medical records, and variations in workplace conditions.
Definitions of Terms
• Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs): Conditions affecting muscles, joints, and bones, often caused by occupational strain.
• Occupational Hazards: Workplace conditions or practices that pose a risk to workers' health and safety.
• Ergonomics: The study of designing workplace environments to reduce strain and improve safety.
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